Protein is one of the essential macronutrients required for the body’s growth, repair, and maintenance. It is an integral component of every cell in the body and plays a vital role in the formation of enzymes and hormones. While animal-based foods such as meat, eggs, and dairy are known for their high protein content, people following a vegan or plant-based diet can also get enough protein through well-planned meals.
How much protein does the average person need every day?
The recommended dietary allowance (RDA) for protein intake is 0.8 grams per kilogram of body weight per day (g/kg/day) for adults. This means that an adult weighing 68 kg (150 pounds) needs approximately 55 grams of protein per day, for example. However, this is a general recommendation and may vary based on factors such as age, sex, weight, and physical activity level.
Athletes, bodybuilders, and people with physically demanding jobs may require more protein to support muscle growth and repair, and older adults may need more protein to prevent age-related muscle loss.
Complete protein and all necessary amino acids
Protein is made up of amino acids, which are often referred to as the “building blocks” of protein. There are 20 different amino acids, nine of which are considered essential because the body cannot produce them and must obtain them through food. These essential amino acids are histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, and valine.
Complete protein refers to a food that contains all nine essential amino acids in the right proportion. Animal-based foods such as meat, fish, and dairy are complete sources of protein. However, it is possible to get all the necessary amino acids through a vegan diet by consuming a variety of plant-based foods.
Some examples of plant-based protein sources include:
- Legumes: Legumes are a great source of protein, fiber, and other essential nutrients. Examples of legumes include lentils, chickpeas, black beans, kidney beans, and soybeans. One cup of cooked lentils provides about 18 grams of protein.
- Nuts and seeds: Nuts and seeds are a good source of protein, healthy fats, and fiber. Examples include almonds, walnuts, chia seeds, and hemp seeds. One ounce of almonds provides about 6 grams of protein.
- Whole grains: Whole grains such as quinoa, brown rice, and oats provide protein, fiber, and other important nutrients. A cup of cooked quinoa provides about 8 grams of protein.
- Tofu and tempeh: These soy-based products are great sources of protein, and they can be used in a variety of dishes. 100 grams of tofu provides about 8 grams of protein, and 100 grams of tempeh provides roughly 19 grams of protein.
- Vegetables: Many vegetables are also good sources of protein, although they typically provide less protein per serving than other plant-based foods. Examples include broccoli, spinach, and Brussels sprouts. A cup of cooked spinach provides about 5 grams of protein.
It is important to note that while some plant-based foods are complete protein sources, others may lack one or more essential amino acids. For this reason, it is essential for vegans to consume a variety of plant-based foods to ensure they are getting all the necessary amino acids.
Benefits of plant-based protein
Research suggests that a diet rich in plant-based protein sources may offer several health benefits. According to a study published in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, replacing animal protein with plant-based protein sources was associated with a reduced risk of heart disease. Additionally, a study published in the Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition found that a plant-based diet can provide adequate protein for athletic performance and may also offer benefits for recovery time and muscle soreness.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the average person needs about 0.8 grams of protein per kilogram of body weight each day, but this amount may vary depending on individual circumstances. For those following a vegan diet, it is essential to ensure adequate protein intake from plant-based sources, which are abundant and healthy alternatives to animal products. A well-planned vegan diet can provide all the necessary nutrients, including protein, for people of all ages. By consuming a balanced and varied diet that includes plenty of plant-based protein sources, vegans can easily meet their daily protein requirements and enjoy all the benefits of a healthy, plant-based lifestyle.
References:
Phillips, S. M., & Van Loon, L. J. (2011). Dietary protein for athletes: from requirements to optimum adaptation. Journal of Sports Sciences, 29(sup1), S29-S38.
Mangano, K. M., & Kerstetter, J. E. (2013). Dietary protein and bone health: a review of recent human research. Current Opinion in Lipidology, 24(6), 533-537.
USDA Food Composition Databases. (n.d.). FoodData Central. Retrieved February 26, 2023, from https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/.
American Dietetic Association. (2009). Position of the American Dietetic Association: vegetarian diets. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 109(7), 1266-1282.